Books
Childress JF. Public Bioethics: Principles and Problems. 2020. OUP. Oxford
Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, et al (Eds). Essential Surgery: Disease Control Priorities (Third Edition) 2015. The World Bank. Washington.
Brent A, Davidson R, Seale A. Oxford Handbook of Tropical Medicine (Fourth Edition) 2014. OUP. Oxford.
Beeching N, Gill G. Tropical medicine. Lecture Notes (Seventh Edition) 2014. Wiley-Blackwell. Chichester.
Falola T, Mbah EM. Contemporary Africa: Challenges and Opportunities. 2014. Palgrave McMillan. New York.
Mabey D, Gill G, Parry E et. al. Principles of Medicine in Africa (Fourth Edition) 2013. CUP. Cambridge.
Pinto AD, & Upshur REG. (Eds.). (First Edition) 2013. An Introduction to Global Health Ethics. Routledge. London.
deVries CR, Price RR. Global Surgery and Public Health. A new Paradigm. 2012. Jones & Bartlett. Sudbury.
Crisp N. Turning the world upside down: the search for global health in the 21st century. CRC Press; 2010
Kravitz AS, van Tulleken A. The Oxford Handbook of Humanitarian Medicine. 2009. OUP. Oxford.
Kamel R, Lumley J (Eds). Textbook of Tropical Surgery. 2004. Westminster Publishing Ltd. London.
Husain I (Ed). Tropical Urology and Renal Disease.1984. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh.
Global Surgery
Scotland KB, Watson GM.The Current Status of Global Urology. Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep 2020; 15, 345–351.
Bath M, Bashford T, Fitzgerald JE What is ‘global surgery’? Defining the multidisciplinary interface between surgery, anaesthesia and public health. BMJ Global Health 2019; 4: e001808.
Ng-Kamstra JS, Greenberg SLM, Abdullah F, et al. Global Surgery 2030: a roadmap for high income country actors. BMJ Glob Health. 2016; 1(1): e000011.
UN. Global Sustainable Development Report 2015.
Meara JG, Leather AJM, Hagander L et al. Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development. Lancet 2015; 386: 569–624.
Ologunde R, Maruthappu M, Shanmugarajah K et al. Surgical care in low and middle-income countries: burden and barriers. Int J Surg. 2014; 12(8): 858-63.
DoH. Engaging in Global Health - The Framework for Voluntary Engagement in Global Health by the UK Health Sector 2014
Horton R. Offline: The case against global health. Lancet 2014; 383: 1705
Meara JG, Hagander L, Leather AJM. Surgery and global health: a Lancet Commission. Lancet 2014; 383: 12–13
Chao TE, Sharma K, Mandigo M et al. Cost-effectiveness of surgery and its policy implications for global health: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet Global Health. 2014; 2: e334-e345
Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups
in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380: 2095–128
Tollefson TT, Larrabee WF Jr. Global surgical initiatives to reduce the surgical burden of disease. JAMA 2012; 307: 667–68
Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380: 2197–223
Grimes CE, Bowman KG, Dodgion CM et al. Systematic Review of Barriers to Surgical Care in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. World J Surg 2011; 35: 941–950
Lavy C, Sauven K, Mkandawire N, et al. State of surgery in tropical Africa: a review. World J Surg 2011; 35: 262–71
Farmer PE, Kim JY. Surgery and global health: a view from beyond the OR. World J Surg 2008; 32: 533–6
Summit UNM. United Nations Millennium Declaration. In: information DoP, editor. New York: United Nations; 2000.
Burden of disease
UN. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021. pp 30-33.
Gouda HN, Charlson F, Sorsdahl K. et al. Burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Glob Health 2019; 7: e1375–87
GBD 2017. Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1789–858
Agyepong IA, Sewankambo N, Binagwaho A et al. The path to longer and healthier lives for all Africans
by 2030: the Lancet Commission on the future of health in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 2017; 390: 2803–59
Chao TE, Sharma K, Mandigo M et al. Cost-effectiveness of surgery and its policy implications for global health: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014; 2(6): e334–e45
Allegranzi B, Nejad SB, Combescure C et al. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011; 377: 228-241
WHO. Report on the burden of endemic health care-associated infection worldwide, a systematic review of the literature. 2011
Bickler S, Ozgediz D, Gosselin R, et al. Key concepts for estimating the burden of surgical conditions and the unmet need for surgical care. World J Surg 2010; 34: 374–80.
Ozgediz D, Jamison D, Cherian et al. The burden of surgical conditions and access to surgical care in low- and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2008; 86(8): 646-647
Weiser TG, Regenbogen SE, Thompson KD et al. An estimation of the global volume of surgery: a modelling strategy based on available data. Lancet. 2008; 372(9633): 139–44
Sustainability
Akenroye OO, Adebona OT, Akenroye AT. Surgical Care in the Developing World-Strategies and Framework for Improvement. J Public Health Afr. 2013; 4(2): e20
Carbon footprint
Eardley I. How can we reduce Urology's carbon footprint? BJU Int. 2022; 129(1): 7-8
Bhopal A, Norheim OF. Priority setting and net zero healthcare: how much health can a tonne of carbon buy? BMJ. 2021; 375: e067199
Tennison I, Roschnik S, Ashby B, etal. Health care’s response to climate change: a carbon footprint assessment of the NHS in England. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5: e84-92
Volunteering
THET. Volunteer toolkit - Your guide to volunterering in global health 2021
Callos N. Your Guide to Volunteering with Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) 2020
Chatwin J, Ackers L. Volunteering and overseas placements in the NHS: a survey of current activity. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e012160
Goldring M. The way I see it, voluntary service is a good idea. BMJ Careers 2007; 334: s238
Dosani S. Fifteen minutes with an MSF volunteer. BMJ Careers 2006; 333 (7582): s239
Musani A, Shaikh I. Preparedness for humanitarian crises needs to be improved. BMJ Careers 2006; 333; 843-845
Anwar I. Working in a disaster zone. BMJ Careers 2006; 332: s161
Haberman E. Missionary work for beginners. BMJ Careers 2006; 332: gp153
Gillies R. Fifteen minutes with the President of Medicins sans Frontieres. BMJ Careers 2004; 329: 68
Suleman S. Voluntary service abroad. BMJ Careers 2004; 329: s27
Value of working in LMICs
McCauley M, Raven J, van den Broek N. Experiences and impact of international medical volunteering: a multi-country mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2021; 11: e041599
Holly L. International Health Partnerships: how does the NHS benefit. THET 2019.
Zamora, B., Gurupira, M., Rodes Sanchez, M. et al. The value of international volunteers experience to the NHS. Global Health 2019; 15: 31.
Yeomans D, Le G, Pandit H, et al. Is overseas volunteering beneficial to the NHS? The analysis of volunteers’ responses to a feedback questionnaire following experiences in low-income and middle- income countries. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e017517
Clark J, Lewis S. Impact beyond volunteering. A realist evaluation of the complex and long-term pathways of volunteer impact. London: VSO, 2017
Walpole SC, Shortall C, van Schalkwyk MC et al. Time to go global: a consultation on global health competencies for postgraduate doctors. Int Health 2016; 8: 317–323
Jack BA, Kirton JA, Downing J, et al. The personal value of being part of a tropical health education trust (THET) links programme to develop a palliative care degree programme in Sub Saharan Africa: a descriptive study of the views of volunteer UK health care professionals. Global Health 2015; 11: 47
All Party Parliamentary Group on Global Health. Improving Health at Home and Abroad: How overseas volunteering from the NHS benefits the UK and the world. 2013 Improving Health at Home and Abroad - Full Report
Crisp N. Global Health Partnerships - The UK contribution to health in developing countries. COI. 2007
Baguely D, Killeen T, Wright J. International health links: an evaluation of partnerships bwetween health-care organizations in the UK and developing countries. Tropical Doctor 2006; 36: 149-154
Ethical Considerations
Sayeed S, Taylor L. Institutionalising global health: a call for ethical reflection. BMJ Global Health 2020; 5: e003353
Childress JF. Paternalism in Healthcare and Health Policy Chapter 2 in Public Bioethics: Principles and Problems. 2020. OUP. Oxford
Kruk ME, Gage AD, Arsenault C et al. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. Lancet Glob Health. 2018; 6(11): e1196-e1252
Evans, FM, Nabukenya MT. Con: Pure service delivery is no longer needed in global surgical missions. Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth 2017; 64: 353–357
Abimbola S. The information problem in global health. BMJ Glob Health. 2016; 1(1): e900001
THET. Partnerships for Global Health. A vision of co-development in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals. THET Strategic Plan 2016 - 2021
Loh LC, Cherniak W, Dreifus BA et al. Short term global health experiences and local partnership models: a framework. Global Health 2015; 11: 50
Shrime, MG, Sleemi A, Ravilla TD. Charitable Platforms in Global Surgery: A Systematic Review of their Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, Sustainability, and Role Training. World J Surg 2015; 39: 10–20
Birn A-E. Philanthrocapitalism, past and present: The Rockefeller Foundation, the Gates Foundation, and the setting(s) of the international/ global health agenda. Hypothesis 2014, 12(1): e8
Stapleton G, Schröder-Bäck P, Laaser U et al. Global health ethics: an introduction to prominent theories and relevant topics. Glob Health Action. 2014; 7: 23569
Kraeker C, Chandler C. We Learn From Them, They Learn From Us. Academic Medicine 2013; 88(4): 483-487
Kiromera A, Philpott J, Marsh S et al. Ethics and clinical work in global health Chapter 7 pp 87-101. in Pinto AD, & Upshur REG. (Eds.). (First Edition) 2013. An Introduction to Global Health Ethics. Routledge. London.
Morvaridi B. Capitalist Philanthropy and Hegemonic Partnerships, Third World Quarterly 2012; 33:7, 1191-1210
Stuckler D, Basu S, McKee M. Global Health Philanthropy and Institutional Relationships: How Should Conflicts of Interest Be Addressed? PLoS Med 2011; 8(4): e1001020
Wall LL. Ethical concerns regarding operations by volunteer surgeons on vulnerable patient groups: the case of women with obstetric fistulas. HEC Forum. 2011 Jun; 23(2): 115-27
Leather AJM, Butterfield C, Peachey K et al. International health links movement expands in the United Kingdom. Int Health. 2010; 2:165–71
Olakanmi O, Perry PJ. History of medicine. Medical volunteerism in Africa: an historical sketch. Virtual Mentor. 2006; 8(12): 863-870
Whitehead M. The Concepts and Principles of Equity and Health. Int J Health Serv. 1992; 22(3): 429-445
The medical diaspora from, and the effects of volunteers in LMICs
THET. Experts in Our Midst: Recognising the contribution NHS diaspora staff make to global health. THET 2021
Hutch A, Bekele A, O'Flynn E et al. The Brain Drain Myth: retention of specialist surgical graduates in East, Central & Southern Africa, 1974-2013. World J Surgery. 2017; 41: 3041-53
Tam V, Edge JS, Hoffman SJ. Empirically evaluating the WHO global code of practice on the international recruitment of health personnel’s impact on four high-income countries four years after adoption. Global Health 2016; 12: 62
Hoffman SJ, Røttingen JA. Assessing the Expected Impact of Global Health Treaties: Evidence From 90 Quantitative Evaluations. Am J Public Health. 2015; 105(1): 26-40
Poppe A, Jirovsky E, Blacklock C et. al. Why sub-Saharan African health workers migrate to European countries that do not actively recruit: a qualitative study post-migration. Global Health Action 2014; 7: 1
Cometto G, Tulenko K, Muula AS et al. Health Workforce Brain Drain: From Denouncing the Challenge to Solving the Problem. PLoS Med. 2013: 10(9): e1001514
Nair M, Webster P. Health professionals' migration in emerging market economies: patterns, causes and possible solutions, J Public Health, 2013: 35(1): 157–163
Mills E J, Kanters S, Hagopian A et al. The financial cost of doctors emigrating from sub-Saharan Africa: human capital analysis BMJ. 2011; 343 : d7031
WHO. User’s Guide to the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel. WHO 2011, Geneva
Dolea C, Stormont L, Braichet JM. Evaluated strategies to increase attraction and retention of health workers in remote and rural areas. Bull World Health Organ. 2010; 88(5): 379-385
Dangers of medical 'tourism'
McCauley M, Raven J, van den Broek N. Experiences and impact of international medical volunteering: a multi-country mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2021; 11: e041599
Gostin LO. Global Health: Shared Obligations and Mutual Respect. Ann Global Health 2019; 85(1): 80
Eadsforth H. Professionalisation of International Medical Volunteer Work to Maintain Ethical Standards: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experience of Volunteer Doctors in Relation to UK Policy. Med Sci (Basel). 2019 Jan 14; 7(1): 9
Stone GS, Olson KR. The Ethics of Medical Volunteerism. Med Clin North Am. 2016 Mar; 100(2): 237-46
Grimes CE, Lane RHS. Global surgery guidelines for surgical volunteerism. How to ensure that your surgical placement overseas provides maximum benefit for you and your hosts. Bulletin RCS Eng. 2016; 98:4: 172-173
Gilbert BJ, Miller C, Corrick F. et al. Should trainee doctors use the developing world to gain clinical experience? The annual Varsity Medical Debate – London, Friday 20th January, 2012. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2013; 8: 1
Welling DR, Ryan JM, Burris DG. et al. Seven Sins of Humanitarian Medicine. World J Surg 2010; 34: 466–470
Short Term Experiences
Martin K. Do No Harm: The Urgent Need to Reform Short-Term Global Health Experiences. Ann Global Health 2019 85(1): 81
Rowthorn V, Loh L, Evert J, Chung E et al. Not Above the Law: A Legal and Ethical Analysis of Short-Term Experiences in Global Health. Ann Global Health 2019; 85(1): 79
de Camp M, Lehmann LS, Jaeel P et al. Ethical Obligations Regarding Short-Term Global Health Clinical Experiences: An American College of Physicians Position Paper. Ann Intern Med.2018; 168: 651-657
Lasker JN, Aldrink M, Balasubramaniam R et al. Guidelines for responsible short-term global health activities: developing common principles. Global Health 2018; 14: 18
Roche SD, Ketheeswaran P, Wirtz VJ. International short-term medical missions: a systematic review of recommended practices. Int J Public Health 2017; 62: 31–42
Rozier MD, Lasker JN, Compton B. Short-term volunteer health trips: aligning host community preferences and organizer practices. Global Health Action 2017; 10: 1
Bale AG, Sifri ZC. Surgery resident participation in short-term humanitarian international surgical missions can supplement exposure where program case volumes are low. Am J Surg 2016; 211: 294–9
Caldron PH, Impens A, Pavlova M. et al. A systematic review of social, economic and diplomatic aspects of short-term medical missions. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15: 380
Sykes KJ. Short-term medical service trips: a systematic review of the evidence. Am J Public Health. 2014; 104(7): e38-48
Logistics of working in the developing world
Metzler I, Bayne D, Chang H et al. Challenges facing the urologist in low- and middle-income countries. World J Urol. 2020; 38(11): 2987-2994
BMA. Working abroad as a doctor BMA
Kruk M E, Wladis A, Mbembati N et al. Human Resource and Funding Constraints for Essential Surgery in District Hospitals in Africa: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Survey. PLoS Med 2010; 7 (3): e1000242
BMA. Broadening your horizons: a guide to taking time out to work and train in developing countries BMA International Department 2009
Baguley D, Killeen T, Wright J. International health links: an evaluation of partnerships between health-care organizations in the UK and developing countries. Trop Dr. 2006; 36: 149–54
Urology in specific geographic locations
Rao, KD, Bhatnagar A, Berman P. So many, yet few: Human resources for health in India. Hum Resour Health 2012; 10, 19
Managadze L, Chanturaia Z. Urology in Eastern Europe in the 1990s. BJUI 2002; 89(Suppl.1): 18-21
Specific diseases or conditions of urological interest
Malignancy
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021; 71(3): 209-49
Mantica G, Terrone C, Der Merwe AV. Bladder Cancer and Associated Risk Factors: The African Panorama. Eur Urol. 2021; 79(5): 568-570
Van Hemelrijck M. The burden of urological cancers in low and middle income countries. BJUI 2019; 123(4): 557
Torres-Roman JS, Ruiz EF, Martinez-Herrera JF et al. Prostate Cancer Mortality rates in Peru and its geographic regions. BJU Int. 2019; 123(4): 595-601
Fitzmaurice C, Dicker D, Pain A et al. The global burden of cancer 2013. JAMA Oncol 2015; 1: 505– 27
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359 – 86
Benign conditions
Ghoneim M . Bilharziasis of the genitourinary tract. BJUI 2002; 89(Suppl.1): 22-30
Naudeâ J. Reconstructive urology in the tropical and developing world: a personal perspective.
BJUI 2002; 89(Suppl.1): 31-36
DeVries C. The role of the urologist in the treatment and elimination of lymphatic filariasis worldwide.
BJUI 2002; 89(Suppl.1): 37-43
Plange-Rhule J, Micah F, Eastwood J. Clinical nephrological problems important to the urologist.
BJUI 2002; 89(Suppl.1): 44-49
Hamlin E, Muleta M, Kennedy R. Providing an obstetric fistula service. BJUI 2002; 89(Suppl.1): 50-53
Sharifi-Aghdas F, Ghaderian N, Payvand A. Free bladder mucosal autograft in the treatment of complicated vesicovaginal fistula. BJUI 2002; 89(Suppl.1): 54-56
Gaitonde K, Goyal A, Nagaonkar S et al. Retrospective review and long-term follow-up of radical cystectomy in a developing country. BJUI 2002; 89(Suppl.1): 57-61
Rizvi S, Naqvi S, Hussain Z et al. The management of stone disease.
BJUI 2002; 89(Suppl.1): 62-68
Equipment
Marks IH, Thomas H, Bakhet M et al. Medical equipment donation in low resource settings: a review of the literature and guidelines for surgery & anaesthesia in low-income and middle-income countries.
BMJ Global Health 2019; 4: 4-9
Bolton WS, Aruparayil N, Quyn A et al. Disseminating technology in global surgery. British Journal of Surgery. 2019; 106(2): e34-43.
Malkin RA, Whittle C. Biomedical equipment technician capacity building using a unique evidence-based curriculum improves healthcare. J Clin Eng. 2014; 39(1): 37–44.
Oosting RM, Wauben LSGL, Groen RS et al. Equipment for essential surgical care in 9 countries across Africa: availability, barriers and need for novel design. Health Technol. 2009; 9: 269–275.
WHO. Medical Devices. Managing the Mismatch An outcome of the Priority Medical Devices project. 2010. Geneva.
Innovation
Innovation
Oppong FC. Innovation in income-poor environments. British Journal of Surgery. 2015; 102(2): e102-7.
World Health Organization. Compendium of innovative health technologies for low ressources settings 2011–2014. Geneva: WHO; 2015.
Cotton M, Henry JA, Hasek L. Value innovation: an important aspect of global surgical care. Globalization and health. 2014;10(1): 1-5.
World Health Organization. Emerging economies drive frugal innovation. Bull World Health Organ. 2013; 91(1): 6–7.
Syed SB, Dadwal V, Rutter et al. Developed-developing country partnerships: benefits to developed countries?. Globalization and health. 2012; 8(1): 1-0.
Frugal innovation
Onsongo E, Knorringa P. Comparing Frugality and Inclusion in Innovation for Development: Logic, Process and Outcomes. Centre for Frugal Innovation in Africa. 2020.
Bolton WS, Aruparayil N, Quyn A et al. Disseminating technology in global surgery. British Journal of Surgery. 2019; 106(2): e34-43.
Arshad H, Radić M, Radić D. Patterns of frugal innovation in healthcare. Technology Innovation Management Review. 2018; 8(4): 28-37.
Tran VT, Ravaud P. Frugal innovation in medicine for low resource settings. BMC Medicine 2016; 14: 102.
Reverse innovation
Sharma D, Cotton M. Reverse innovation in health: Good but not good enough to be standard of care? Tropical Doctor. 2021 ;51(2): 139-140
Bhattacharyya O, Wu D, Mossman K et al. Criteria to assess potential reverse innovations: opportunities for shared learning between high-and low-income countries. Globalization and health. 2017; 13(4): 1-8.
Kulasabanathan K, Issa H, Bhatti Y et al. Do International Health Partnerships contribute to reverse innovation? a mixed methods study of THET-supported partnerships in the UK. Globalization and health. 2017; 13(1): 1-1.
Harris M, Weisberger E, Silver D et al. ‘That’s not how the learning works’- the paradox of reverse innovation: a qualitative study. Glob Health. 2016; 12: 36.
Harris M, Weisberger E, Silver D, Macinko J. ‘They hear “Africa” and they think that there can’t be any good services’ – perceived context in cross-national learning: a qualitative study of the barriers to reverse innovation. Glob Health. 2015; 11: 45.
Aids to working outside the UK
Kluyts H-L, le Manach Y, Munlemvo DM et al. The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator: development and validation of a tool for identifying African surgical patients at risk of severe postoperative complications. Br J Anaes 2018: 121 (6): 1357-1363
Corporacy and quality assurance
Mulwafu W, Fualal J, Bekele A et al. The impact of COSECSA in developing the surgical workforce in East Central and Southern Africa. Surgeon 2021: S1479-666X(21)00188-8 .
Muguti G, Itungu S on behalf of the COSECSA CouncilCollege of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa. Strategic Plan 2021-2025. 2020, Arusha.
Teaching, training and professional development
Hill E, Gurbutt D, Makuloluwa T et al. Collaborative healthcare education programmes for continuing professional education in low and middle-income countries: A Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) systematic review.
BEME Guide No. 65. Med Teach. 2021: 1-14.
Mohan HM, Fitzgerald E, Gokani V et al. Engagement and role of surgical trainees in global surgery: Consensus statement and recommendations from the Association of Surgeons in Training. Int. J. Surg. 2018; 52: 366-370.
Barber Z, Jones C, Dobbs T.Taking time out of training. BMJ 2015; 351 :h5460
Dreyer J, Hannay J, Lane R. Teaching the management of surgical emergencies through a short course to surgical residents in East/Central Africa delivers excellent educational outcomes. World J Surgery 2014; 38(4): 830-8.
(Urolink organised and ran the urology component of this course)
Ajape AA, Kura MM, Ojo EO et al. Skills acquisition for trainee urologists: are the Federal Medical Centers in Nigeria suitable? Ann Afr Med. 2012 Jul-Sep;11(3):146-51.
Olapade-Olaopa EO, Adebayo SA, Ajamu O et al. British training, and urological practice in sub-Saharan Africa. BJU Int. 2010; 105(10): 1353-5.
Ozgediz D, Roayaie K, Debas H et al. Surgery in Developing Countries: Essential Training in Residency. Arch Surg. 2005; 140(8): 795–800.
Simulation training
Abahuje E, Bartuska A, Koch R et al. Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Behavior Change After Implementation of an Interdisciplinary Surgical Non-Technical Skills Training Program in Rwanda. J Surg Educ. 2021; 78(5): 1618-1628.
Annoh R, Banks LM, Gichuhi S et al. Experiences and Perceptions of Ophthalmic Simulation-Based Surgical Education in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Surg Educ. 2021; 78(6): 1973-1984.
Yin Mar Oo, Nataraja RM. The application of simulation-based medical education in low- and middle-income countries; the Myanmar experience. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2020; 29(2): 150910.
Kang MJ, Apea-Kubi KB, Apea-Kubi KAK. Establishing a Sustainable Training Program for Laparoscopy in Resource-Limited Settings: Experience in Ghana. Ann Glob Health. 2020; 86(1): 89.
Bulamba F, Sendagire C, Kintu A et al. Feasibility of Simulation-Based Medical Education in a Low-Income Country: Challenges and Solutions From a 3-year Pilot Program in Uganda. Simul Healthc. 2019; 14(2): 113-120.
Bunogerane GJ, Taylor K, Lin Y et al. Using Touch Surgery to Improve Surgical Education in Low- and Middle-Income Settings: A Randomized Control Trial. J Surg Educ. 2018; 75(1): 231-237.
Martinerie L, Rasoaherinomenjanahary F, Ronot M et al. Health Care Simulation in Developing Countries and Low-Resource Situations. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2018; 38(3): 205-212.
Puri L, Das J, Pai M, Agrawal P et al. Enhancing quality of medical care in low income and middle income countries through simulation based initiatives: recommendations of the Simnovate Global Health Domain Group. BMJ Stel 2017; 3(Suppl 1): S15–S22.
Tansley G, Bailey JG, Gu Y et al. Efficacy of Surgical Simulation Training in a Low-Income Country. World J Surg 2016; 40(11): 2643-2649.
Ahmad JI, Mishra RK. Minimal access surgery educational needs of trainees from Africa: perspectives from an Asian Training Institution. West Afr J Med 2015; 34(1): 44-49.
Livingston P, Bailey J, Ntakiyiruta G et al. Development of a simulation and skills centre in East Africa: a Rwandan-Canadian partnership. Pan Afr Med J. 2014; 17: 315.
Kigozi G, Nkale J, Wawer M et al. Designing and usage of a low-cost penile model for male medical circumcision skills training in Rakai, Uganda. Urology. 2011; 77(6): 1495-7.
Taché S, Mbembati N, Marshall N et al. Addressing gaps in surgical skills training by means of low-cost simulation at Muhimbili University in Tanzania. Hum Resour Health. 2009 Jul 27; 7: 64.
Dorman K, Satterthwaite L, Byrne N et al. The case for Surgical Skills Centre in Sub Saharan Africa: The Benefits and the Challenges. East Cent Afr J Surg. 2007; 12(1): 4-6.
Workforce
Parvin-Nejad FP, Hoffman GS, Padmanaban V, et al. Surgical subspecialists in West Africa: Workforce size, training opportunities, and contributing factors. Surgery 2021; 170(2): 478-484.
Mulwafu W, Fualal J, Bekele A et al. The impact of COSECSA in developing the surgical workforce in East Central and Southern Africa. Surgeon 2021: S1479-666X(21)00188-8 .
O'Flynn E, Andrew J, Hutch A et al. The Specialist Surgeon Workforce in East, Central and Southern Africa: A Situation Analysis. World J Surg. 2016; 40(11): 2620-2627.
The World Bank. Specialist surgical workforce - Sub-Saharan Africa 2015.
Research
Ademuyiwa AO, Hardy P, Runigamugabo E et al on behalf of the NIHR Global Research Health Unit on Global Surgery. Reducing surgical site infections in low-income and middle- income countries (FALCON): a pragmatic, multicentre, stratified, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 2021; 398(10312): 1687-1699.
Harris M, Macinko J, Jimenez G et al. Measuring the bias against low-income country research: an Implicit Association Test. Globalization and Health. 2017; 13(1): 1-9.
Publishing
Jumbam DT. How (not) to write about global health. BMJ Global Health 2020; 5: e003164.
Sgrò A, Al-Busaidi IS, Wells CI et al. Global surgery: a 30-year bibliometric analysis (1987–2017). World Journal of Surgery. 2019; 43(11): 2689-98.
Wainaina B. How to write about Africa. 2005. Granta 2019; 92.
Abimbola S. The foreign gaze: authorship in academic global health. BMJ Global Health 2019; 4: e002068.